Auscultation is the most important and effective clinical technique for evaluating a patient’s respiratory pathology.听诊是最重要和有效的临床技术，以评估病人的呼吸病理。 This article gives details of different findings with audio examples .此文章详细介绍了不同的结果，与音频的例子 。 Requirements for efficient auscultation: 要求效率听诊： a) A quiet environment is desirable as it makes it easier to listen to respiratory sounds. a ）在一个安静的环境中是可取的，因为它使得更容易听呼吸音。 b) The patient should be in the proper position. Preferably in a sitting position, so that all the areas of chest are accessible for examination. b ）该病人应在适当的位置。最好是在一个会议上的立场，以便使所有领域的胸部都是可以访问的考试。 However, the anterior areas can be examined even when the patient is lying down.不过，前地区可以检查，甚至当病人躺下。 |
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Advances in medical science and improved social conditions during the past few decades have increased the life span of humans.垫款在医学科学和完善的社会条件，在过去几十年来，增加了寿命的人类。 This ageing of the population is also a product of demographic transition owing to a reduction in fertility and mortality.这个人口老龄化也是一个产品的人口结构转型，由于减少了在生育率和死亡率。
This phenomenon of population ageing is universal.这种现象的人口老龄化是普遍。 Almost 10% of the population in developed countries and 5 to 8% in the developing countries are over the age of 60 years.几乎10 ％的人口在发达国家和第5至第8 ％ ，在发展中国家是年龄超过60岁。 By 2020 more than 1000 million people aged 60 years and older will be living in the world, more than 700 million of them in developing countries 1.到2020年超过1000万人年龄在60岁和老年人将生活在世界上， 700多万人在发展中国家的1 。 In 1970, only 3.7% of the population in Malaysia was 60 years and above.在1970年，只有3.7 ％的人口在马来西亚是60岁及以上。 In the year 2020, this population would have increased to 7% and would comprise 2.1 million of the estimated population of 29.5 million.在2020年，这一人口将增长到7 ％ ，将包括210万的人口估计为29.5亿美元。
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| Cardiac auscultation is one of the most important steps in the examination of cardiovascular system.心脏听诊是其中最重要的步骤，在考试的心血管系统。 This article is a list of some important tips on cardiac auscultation.这篇文章列出了一些重要的提示对心脏听诊。
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| Apex beat is the palpable cardiac impulse.尖巡逻是明显的心脏冲动。 It is also defined as the lowermost and outermost (most lateral and most inferior) prominent cardiac pulsation.它也被界定为最低和最外层（最外侧和最劣）突出的心脏脉动。 Examination of this cardiac impulse can give valuable inputs into the diagnosis of cardiac disease.检查心脏的冲动，这可以提供宝贵的投入，诊断心脏疾病。 Normal location:正常位置： It is normally located in the left fifth intercostal space, about 1 centimeter medial to the mid-clavicular line.它通常设在左侧第五intercostal空间，约一厘米内侧 ，以中锁骨线。 In children less than 7 years of age, the apex beat is located in the 4th intercostal space, lateral to the mid-clavicular line.在儿童不少于7岁以下的，尖巡逻是设在了第四intercostal空间，横向到中锁骨线。 |
| Powerpoint templates are available on this site at the downloads section. PowerPoint模板都可以在此网站上下载一节。 This article answers a few simple questions about PowerPoint Templates.本文回答几个简单的问题， PowerPoint模板。 |
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