1 A 33 years old man has recurrent breathlessness for the last 20 years. The episodes were generally infrequent in the beginning, but over the last 3 years have increased in frequency. However, between episodes of breathless, he is asymptomatic. He is on treatment with salbutamol and budesonide inhalers.
What is the diagnosis?
Explain the pathophysiological basis of this disease and its treatment.
2 A 58 year old male chronic smoker has history of recurrent episodes of breathlessness for last 10 years. He generally has some cough and mucoid expectoration almost everyday, but more during winter. On examination, he has a barrel shaped chest with diminished vesicular breathing and rhonchi. Scattered crackles are also present.
What is the diagnosis?
What are the major differences between this disease and the disease in the above problem?
3 A 24 year old man has high fever, cough with expectoration and chest pain for 3 days. On examination, mediastinum is central, with bronchial breathing in the left infraclavicular area.
What is the diagnosis?
What is the likely pathology in lungs?
What are the other clinical signs that you would expect to be present in this condition?
4 A 32 year old lady has low grade fever for 3 weeks. On examination, she is slightly febrile. Respiratory examination reveals reduced vocal fremitus, dullness on percussion and absent breath sounds in the right infrascapular and infraaxillary areas.
What is the diagnosis?
What are the other clinical signs that you would expect to be present in this condition?
How do you investigate this patient?
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